1994 NED Regional Grants in Asia

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Free Trade Union Institute - $755,707
To support the Asian American Free Labor Institute's Indochina initiative, which supports programs in union leadership education in Thailand; enables Burma's independent labor movement to educate workers inside the country about democracy and labor rights, and is working to develop modern industrial relations laws that comply with international worker rights standards and to promote grassroots support for democratic government in Cambodia.

Free Trade Union Institute - $266,567
To enable the Asian American Free Labor Institute to provide support for labor, women, and environmental groups seeking to apply international labor and human rights standards in their nations, particularly in Nepal and Mongolia.

Free Trade Union Institute - $255,459
To enable the Asian American Free Labor Institute to assist organizations in the Asian region in promoting respect for international standards and/or national legislation that regulates or curtails the use of child labor.

Free Trade Union Institute - $75,594
To enable the Asian American Free Labor Institute to support the provision of technical assistance by American unions to their Asian/Near East counterparts, as well as research on labor rights and democracy issues, and support to underground or exiled labor groups.

Human Rights in China, Inc. - $15,000
To enable the Asian Cultural Forum on Development to further develop the communications network among human rights and other non-governmental organizations working in the Asia-Pacific region. 

Kim Dae-jung Peace Foundation for the Asia-Pacific Region - $20,000
To sponsor a conference in Seoul, Korea bringing together Asian participants to discuss strategies for democratization in the region and develop a network of democrats who will promote acceptance of the universality of human rights and a model of Asian development that includes democracy.

1994 NED Grants in Vietnam

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Association of Vietnamese Overseas - $80,000
To enable this Paris-based Vietnamese pro-democracy organization to continue publication and distribution inside Vietnam of Que Me magazine and to further the organization's human rights work.

Center for International Private Enterprise - $131,702
To enable the Press Foundation of Asia to conduct a training program for Vietnamese journalists on business and economic reporting, and to produce a manual on the subject.

Center for International Private Enterprise - $134,475
To enable the Georgetown University Center for Intercultural Education and Development to conduct intensive training courses for Vietnamese teachers of business and entrepreneurs and to develop a business training curriculum for the University of Dalat.

Institute for Democracy in Vietnam - $100,000
To conduct a series of mini-courses on rule of law and human rights at three universities in Vietnam. 

International Republican Institute - $136,170
To conduct a series of training seminars for members and staff of the National Assembly of Vietnam on technical aspects of information collection and management, legislative structure, procedure, and constituent relations.

1994 NED Grant in Thailand

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs - $188,535
To work with civic organizations in Chiang Mai to help develop their expertise about decentralization and local government, and to develop effective strategies for advocacy for political change.

1994 NED Grants in Sri Lanka

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Free Trade Union Institute - $100,803
To enable the Asian American Free Labor Institute to support the labor movement of Sri Lanka during a period of civil strife and economic upheaval through a series of education, technical assistance and advocacy projects. 

International Republican Institute - $60,000
To conduct a series of training workshops for Sri Lanka's political parties on platform-building, civic education and grassroots communications.

1994 NED Grants in Philippines

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Center for International Private Enterprise - $73,350
To enable the Center for Research and Communication to provide the Philippine Congress and Administration with cost-benefit analyses and market-oriented recommendations for proposed legislation. 

Free Trade Union Institute - $124,293
To enable the Asian American Free Labor Institute to assist Philippine trade unions to become more effective participants in the formulation and implementation of public policies designed to improve government accountability, the observance of labor rights and standards laws, and the justice system.

1994 NED Grant in Nepal

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED: 

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs - $170,000
To assist Nepali non-governmental organizations and political parties in organizing an effective and sustainable election-monitoring system for the national legislative elections scheduled for November 1994.

1994 NED Grant in Mongolia

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED: 

International Republican Institute - $134,073
To conduct a technical training program for the Mongolian National Democratic Party and the Social Democratic Party, working with the parties' leadership and parliamentarians to develop strategies to make them a more effective force within the legislature.

1994 NED Grant in Laos

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED: 

Indochinese Community Center - $35,000
To enable Laotian Democratic Initiatives to produce democratic education materials and conduct intensive education programs supporting democratization in Laos.

1994 NED Grant in Korea

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Free Trade Union Institute - $69,039
To enable the Asian American Free Labor Institute to support the Federation of Korean Trade Unions and its efforts to encourage democratic pluralism in Korea by sponsoring civic education activities that promote worker involvement in judicial reform and foster unity in the trade union movement.

1994 NED Grants in Indonesia

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation - $70,000
To strengthen rule of law in Indonesia by providing legal aid to disenfranchised groups throughout the country.

Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy - $19,000
To enable this Jakarta-based institution dedicated to fostering democracy, human rights and public participation in the political process to conduct seminars and produce publications on the electoral system.

1994 NED Grants in China

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Center for International Private Enterprise - $141,253
To enable the Chinese Economist Society to cultivate public interest in market-oriented reform by producing a series of books on business administration, including accounting, business law, corporate finance, international business, management, management information systems and marketing.

Center for Modern China - $100,000
To support the publication and distribution within China of Chinese-language monographs on reform and books on rule of law, as well as the quarterly Journal of Contemporary China.

China Perspective, Inc. - $130,000
To support continued publication and distribution inside China of The Chinese Intellectual, a Chinese-language quarterly magazine that promotes the evolution of China toward an open and democratic society.

Democratic China - $60,000
To support continued publication and expanded distribution within China of this Chinese-language bi-monthly magazine dealing with the theory and practice of democracy.

Free Trade Union Institute - $430,472
To support the Asian American Free Labor Institute's "Greater China" program, which promotes worker rights in China; disseminates information on labor rights abuses; assists unions in Hong Kong in their efforts to strengthen democratic practices, and aids independent labor rights organizations in Taiwan.

Human Rights in China, Inc. - $155,000
To support a Human Rights Education and Assistance Project that provides support for victims of political persecution, produces and circulates materials informing Chinese citizens of their rights, and coordinates activities of non-governmental human rights organizations active in the region.

Human Rights in China, Inc. - $20,000
In preparation for the U.N. World Conference on Women to be held in Beijing in September 1995, to publicize abuses of women's rights in China, and to encourage greater participation of independent Chinese women in the conference-associated NGO Forum.

Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars -$10,000
To conduct a leadership training program to help Chinese student democrats living in the United States gain practical skills in strategic planning and organizing in preparation for their return to China.

Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars -$26,000
To support continued publication of its newsletter, distributed to Chinese students on campuses across the United States.

International Campaign for Tibet - $25,000
To enhance Chinese knowledge of Tibet by contributing articles about Tibet to newspapers and magazines within China and abroad; translating books about Tibet into Chinese; and facilitating a series of discussion meetings among key Chinese and Tibetan figures, focusing on bringing Chinese journalists and pro-democracy leaders together with Tibetan leaders in exile.

International Republican Institute - $176,779
To promote political and legislative reform, strengthen the legal infrastructure, and enhance the role of private voluntary organizations in Chinese political life, working with the Institute for Global Concern and the Institute of Legal Culture on policy formulation and comparative legislative research programs.

International Republican Institute - $103,165
To conduct a series of electoral reform and local governance training seminars in the Chinese province of Fujian.

Laogai Research Foundation - $60,000
To continue investigations into China's forced labor prison camps (laogai), and to publish an updated Laogai Handbook exposing the laogai system to the Chinese people and the world community.

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs - $24,653
To assist the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars in conducting a leadership training program for Chinese democrats living in the United States to gain practical skills in strategic planning and grassroots organizing in preparation for their return to China.

Press Freedom Guardian - $38,000
For continued publication and distribution inside China of this Chinese-language bi-weekly newspaper covering the Chinese democracy movement.

Princeton China Initiative - $53,000
To enable this independent center for Chinese dissident intellectuals in exile to continue publication of a monthly newsletter, "China Focus," and to support a program of research and dissemination of information about China's democratic development.

Tendency Quarterly - $20,000
To support publication of this Chinese-language quarterly containing poetry, prose, social criticism and political observation, and including information about human rights violations against writers and artists in China.

Tibet Fund - $35,520
To distribute cassettes, videotapes and booklets on democracy inside Tibet, and among Tibetan exile communities in India and Nepal. 

Today - $20,000
To support continued publication of this Chinese-language literary quarterly.

1994 NED Grants in Cambodia

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

American Assistance for Cambodia - $30,000
To conduct a Phnom Penh-based journalism workshop to train Khmer journalists in the principles and techniques of a free press.

Private Agencies Collaborating Together - $190,150
To provide support for indigenous Cambodian initiatives, including the Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association, the Khmer Institute of Democracy, the Khmer Students' Association and other groups focusing on human rights and democratic education.

1994 NED Grants in Burma

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Associates to Develop Democratic Burma - $30,000
To continue to publish and distribute "Burma Alert," a monthly international newsletter about the democracy movement in Burma, and to establish an archive/data center to assist the democracy movement.

Associates to Develop Democratic Burma - $15,000
To enable the Karen Youth Organization to conduct three intensive youth Leadership Training Courses on the Thai-Burmese border.

Human Rights for the People of Burma - $115,000
To continue to produce the radio program "Democratic Voice of Burma" under the direction of the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma and the Democratic Alliance of Burma, and to translate, publish and distribute inside Burma books related to democracy and human rights.

International Center for Global Communications Foundation - $10,000
To produce a documentary report on human rights abuses in Burma, to be aired on "Rights and Wrongs: Human Rights Television," a non-profit, globally distributed television series.

International Republican Institute - $120,066
To support the continuing efforts of the National League for Democracy/Liberated Areas to foster democratic change within Burma.

1994 NED Grant in Afghanistan

According to the NED Annual Report for 1994, the following are details of US Government funds, allocated by the US Congress and dispersed by the NED:

Writers Union of Free Afghanistan - $24,000 

To publish and distribute in Pashto and Dari booklets dealing with human rights, democracy, participation and pluralism in Afghanistan.

NED Annual Report - Fiscal Year 1994 Programs in Asia

NED 1994 Annual Report - Programs in Asia

The priority areas in Asia for the Endowment in 1994 were the remaining authoritarian countries. The region includes the largest remaining Communist power, China, as well as several of the last remaining closed countries of the world: Burma, Vietnam, Laos, and North Korea.

NED support for programs targeted at these countries increased in 1994, with a large proportion of overall Asia programming concentrated on China. Support was provided for numerous publications and advocacy programs as well as several projects designed to spread democratic and free-market ideas. In Burma, NED supported a daily short-wave broadcasting program, training for democratic party leaders, human rights-oriented youth groups, and advocacy work including a newsletter and video production. NED also continued its civic education and human rights programs in Laos and Vietnam. The severity of the isolation of North Korea continued to block all attempts to develop viable programs there.

In the fragile and emerging democracies of South and Southeast Asia, NED supported a wide variety of programs designed to consolidate newly-won democratic systems, primarily support for civic participation programs, for the development of civil society, and for fostering pluralism through trade union and private sector development.

NED also increased its involvement in region-wide efforts. FTUI carried out initiatives focusing on worker rights, including child labor issues. NED supported an unprecedented forum of prominent democratic leaders in the region, as well as increased NGO coordination on the issue of the universality of human rights.

A list of all Endowment grants approved by the NED Board for programs in Asia in 1994 are listed in the following posts.

National Endowment for Democracy and its grantees and their relationship with the US Government and the American Political Parties

According to testimony given to the hearings on the ‘Oversight of the National Endowment for Democracy’ before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 14 and 20, June 11, 1986, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED)¹: 

•          receives and disperses US Government funds (Page 41);
•         was intended to function as a funding conduit to its four core grantees (Page 7);
•          is accountable to Congress to insure that the grant funds were expended for the purpose intended (Page 40);
•          is legislatively mandated to consult with the State Department (Page 60). 

The NED’s four core grantees represent labor, business and the two political parties (Page 14), namely the Republicans and the Democrats (Page 35).

The four major institutes affiliated with the NED are:

• The Free Trade Union Institute;
• The Center for International Private Enterprise;
• The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs;
• The National Republican Institute for International Affairs (Page 76). 

Relationship with the US State Department

According to the US Department of State there is a legislatively mandated consultation procedure between the NED and the State Department (Page 60). This is a formal consultation process (Page 62). The specific steps are:

A. The NED forwards to the Department of State (specifically to the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs) a copy of each program proposal as it would be presented to the NED’s board;

B. The program proposal would then be forwarded to the appropriate desk in the Department of State for review and comment, including consulting with embassies if necessary;

C. Any comments on the proposal would then be passed back to the NED (Page 62).

There is also a system of informal consultations. In the field, US Embassies are always available to the NED and its institutes for advice and guidance and frequently when Ambassadors return to Washington for consultations they call on the NED to discuss programs and offer ideas (Page 63).

Here’s the report cover:

First Published: 24 July 2016

Reference

¹Oversight of the National Endowment for Democracy : hearings before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 14 and 20, June 11, 1986. Link to report: NED 1986 Congressional Oversight Hearings Report